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Kin recognition (kin detection) refers to an organism's potential ability to distinguish between close genetic kin and non-kin. In evolutionary biology and in psychology, such capabilities are presumed to have evolved to serve the adaptive function of inbreeding avoidance. An additional adaptive function sometimes posited for kin recognition is its possible role in relation to kin selection. There is debate over this additional role, since in strict theoretical terms that it is not necessary for kin altruism or the cooperation that accompanies it. Additionally, in experimental results, active powers of recognition play a negligent role in mediating social cooperation relative to less elaborate cue-based mechanisms, such as familiarity, imprinting and phenotype matching. Nevertheless, much research has been produced investigating the possible role of kin recognition mechanisms in mediating altruism. Because kin recognition is overwhelmingly cue-based, outcomes are non-deterministic in relation to actual genetic kinship. A well-known example is the Westermarck effect, in which unrelated individuals who spend their childhood in the same household find each other sexually unattractive. Similarly, due to the cue-based mechanisms that mediate social bonding and cooperation, unrelated individuals who grow up together in this way are also likely to demonstrate strong social and emotional ties, and enduring altruism (see Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship). ==Theoretical background== Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness and the related theory of kin selection were formalized in the 1960s and 1970s in an attempt to explain the conditions surrounding the evolution of social behaviours. Hamilton's early papers, as well as giving a mathematical account of the selection pressure, also included wide ranging discussion about possible implications and behavioural manifestations. In one area, Hamilton discusses potential roles of cue-based mechanisms mediating altruism versus the possibility of 'positive powers' of kin discrimination: This possibility served as the main impetus for a generation of researchers to start looking for evidence of any 'positive powers' of kin discrimination. Later however, Hamilton had developed his thinking to consider that such discriminatory behaviour was unlikely to play a role in mediating social behaviours: The implication that inclusive fitness theory can be met by mediating mechanisms of cooperative behaviour that are context and location-based has been clarified by recent work by West ''et al.'': For a recent review of the debates around kin recognition and their role in the wider debates about how to interpret inclusive fitness theory, including its compatibility with ethnographic data on human kinship, see Holland (2012).〔Holland, Maximilian. (2012) ''Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship: Compatibility between Cultural and Biological Approaches''. North Charleston: Createspace Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kin recognition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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